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A Link Between Atherosclerosis And Autoimmunity

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Main Category: Cardiovascular / Cardiology
Also Included In: Immune System / Vaccines;??Eczema / Psoriasis;??Lupus
Article Date: 09 Apr 2012 – 0:00 PST Current ratings for:
A Link Between Atherosclerosis And Autoimmunity
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Individuals who suffer from autoimmune diseases also display a tendency to develop atherosclerosis – the condition popularly known as hardening of the arteries. Clinical researchers at LMU, in collaboration with colleagues in Wurzburg, have now discovered a mechanism which helps to explain the connection between the two types of disorder. The link is provided by a specific class of immune cells called plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). pDCs respond to DNA released from damaged and dying cells by secreting interferon proteins which stimulate the immune reactions that underlie autoimmune diseases. The new study shows that stimulation of pDCs by a specific DNA-protein complex contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. The findings may have implications for new strategies for the treatment of a whole spectrum of conditions that are associated with chronic inflammatory reactions.

Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in Western societies. The illness is due to the formation of insoluble deposits called atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of major arteries as a consequence of chronic, localized inflammation reactions. By reducing blood flow, the plaques can provoke heart attacks and strokes. A class of immune cells called dendritic cells plays a crucial role in facilitating the development of these plaques. The term refers to a heterogeneous cell population that makes up part of the immune system. Among the cell types represented in this population are the so-called plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), but their potential significance for atherosclerosis had not been explored until now. A group of researchers led by Dr. Yvonne Doring in Professor Christian Weber’s department at LMU, together with a team supervised by Privatdozentin Dr. Alma Zernecke of Wurzburg University, has now shown how pDCs promote the development of atherosclerosis – and explained why patients with autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis or systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), show a predisposition to atherosclerosis.

Using laboratory mice as an experimental model, the researchers were able to show that pDCs contribute to early steps in the formation of athersclerotic lesions in the blood vessels. Stimulation of pDCs causes them to secrete large amounts of interferons, proteins that strongly stimulate inflammatory processes. The protein that induces the release of interferons is produced by immune cells that accumulate specifically at sites of inflammation, and mice that are unable to produce this protein also have fewer plaques. Stimulation of pDCs in turn leads to an increase in the numbers of macrophages present in plaques. Macrophages normally act as a clean-up crew, removing cell debris and fatty deposits by ingesting and degrading them. However, they can also “overindulge”, taking up more fat than they can digest. When this happens, they turn into so-called foam cells that promote rather than combat atherosclerosis. In addition, activated, mature pDCs can initiate an immune response against certain molecules found in atherosclerotic lesions, which further exacerbates the whole process.

The stimulation of pDCs provides the link between atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. “The pDCs themselves are stimulated by the self-antigens that set off the autoimmune reactions which result in conditions like psoriasis and SLE,” says Doring. Indeed, it is well known that the secretion of interferons by activated pDCs contributes to the genesis of a number of autoimmune diseases

“The newly discovered involvement of pDCs in the development of atherosclerosis establishes a direct link between this disorder and autoimmune reactions, and reveals why the stimulation of pDC that is characteristic of autoimmune diseases contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis,” says Weber. “The findings also suggest new approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation that could be useful for a whole range of diseases.”

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click ‘references’ tab above for source.
Visit our cardiovascular / cardiology section for the latest news on this subject. Auto-Antigenic Protein-DNA Complexes Stimulate Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Promote Atherosclerosis
Y. Doring, H. Manthey, M. Drechsler, D. Lievens, R. Megens, O. Soehnlein, M. Busch, M. Manca, R. R. Koenen, J. Pelisek, M. J. Daemen, E. Lutgens, M. Zenke, C. J. Binder, C. Weber, A. Zernecke
Circulation published online March 2, 2012
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/03/02/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.046755
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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Eczema Blog

Link Between Severe Psoriasis And Increased Risk For Diabetes

AppId is over the quota AppId is over the quota Main Category: Eczema / Psoriasis
Also Included In: Diabetes
Article Date: 17 Oct 2012 – 0:00 PST Current ratings for:
Link Between Severe Psoriasis And Increased Risk For Diabetes
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An analysis of 27 studies linking psoriasis in 314,000 individuals with diabetes has found strong correlation between the scaly skin rash and the blood sugar disorder that predisposes patients to heart disease, say UC Davis researchers who led the review.

The findings appear in an article titled “Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” which is now online in the Archives of Dermatology.


“Our investigation found a clear association between psoriasis and diabetes,” said April Armstrong, assistant professor of dermatology at UChttp://www.eczemablog.net/ Davis and principal investigator of the study. “Patients with psoriasis and their physicians need to be aware of the increased risk of developing diabetes so that patients can be screened regularly and benefit from early treatment.”


Psoriasis is a common skin problem that tends to run in families. It causes a raised red, flaky and sometimes itchy rash, often on the elbows and knees, although it can appear anywhere. It is believed to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body regards its own skin as foreign and mounts an inflammatory response.


Armstrong and her colleagues combined data from 27 observational studies of patients with psoriasis, in what is known as a meta-analysis. Five of the studies assessed the incidence of diabetes – that is, how many patients with psoriasis developed diabetes during the course of a study, which ranged from 10 to 22 years. The other studies assessed the prevalence of diabetes – how many patients already had diabetes at the outset of a study. Altogether, the studies evaluated more than 314,000 people with psoriasis and compared them to 3.7 million individuals (controls) without the disease.


Some of the studies classified patients by disease severity. The aggregate data for these studies showed that patients with mild psoriasis are over 1.5 times more likely to have diabetes than the general population while those with severe disease are nearly twice as likely. Among studies that assessed incidence, patients with psoriasis had a 27 percent increased risk of developing diabetes compared with the general population.


All but one study analyzing incidence found a link between psoriasis and diabetes. These studies included patient data from outpatient clinics, insurance claims and hospitals. Diabetes rates were similar in patients despite ethnicity or country where the study was conducted.


“The large sample size and consistent association between psoriasis and diabetes make these study findings very strong and suggest an underlying physiological link between the two diseases,” said Armstrong, who directs the Dermatology Clinical Research Unit at UC Davis and the teledermatology program.


While additional research is need to understand how the two diseases are associated, Armstrong believes altered immune pathways may make psoriasis patients more susceptible to developing diabetes.


“There is evidence that fat cells in psoriasis patients may not function normally,” she said. “These cells secrete inflammatory substances known as cytokines that increase insulin resistance in the liver and muscle and initiate destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.”


Additional research will also clarify other potential limiting factors in the current study. For example, the study’s authors noted that epidemiological or observational studies can be susceptible to confounding factors, such as concurrent medications used to treat psoriasis that may modulate the risk of developing diabetes.


Armstrong’s study adds to a growing body of research that shows psoriasis is not just skin deep. “We know patients with psoriasis and hypertension tend to require more aggressive therapy to bring their blood pressure under control,” said Armstrong. “We also know that psoriasis patients have higher rates of heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular-related deaths than the general population. Primary-care physicians need to be aware of these underlying predispositions to disease to provide the best care to their patients.”


Armstrong and her colleagues plan to examine endothelial cells – cells that line blood vessels – to better understand the underlying physiological basis of psoriasis. They also are collaborating with other research institutions to develop a network to share clinical data on patients with psoriasis.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click ‘references’ tab above for source.
Visit our eczema / psoriasis section for the latest news on this subject. The study’s other authors were Caitlin Harskamp, also of the UC Davis Department of Dermatology, and Ehrin Armstong, an interventional cardiologist with the UC Davis Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Armstrong and her colleagues also received training and support for their systematic review and meta-analysis from the UC Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research.
University of California – Davis Health System Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

MLA

University of California – Davis Health System. “Link Between Severe Psoriasis And Increased Risk For Diabetes.” Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 17 Oct. 2012. Web.
7 Apr. 2013. APA

Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.


‘Link Between Severe Psoriasis And Increased Risk For Diabetes’

Please note that we publish your name, but we do not publish your email address. It is only used to let you know when your message is published. We do not use it for any other purpose. Please see our privacy policy for more information.


If you write about specific medications or operations, please do not name health care professionals by name.


All opinions are moderated before being included (to stop spam)


Contact Our News Editors


For any corrections of factual information, or to contact the editors please use our feedback form.

Please send any medical news or health news press releases to:


Note: Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a health care professional. For more information, please read our terms and conditions.



View the original article here


Eczema Blog

The link between gut health and eczema.

Today we have a guest post from Christina, who suffered from eczema from childhood all the way through to her adult years.  Christina only finally managed to control her eczema when she addressed the health of her digestive system.

The gut is a very important organ in your body, and much more complex than most people think. I never thought that something as seemingly unconnected as the gut could have an impact on my eczema or skin issues in general.

But before I go deeper, let me give you a little background about me…

Christina as a child

I’ve had eczema ever since I was a kid, about 8 years old. I remember it would just randomly appear on various places on my body, specifically my arms and legs and sometimes on my chest and neck. I was often brought in to see dermatologists and skin doctors, but the diagnosis was always the same thing: “It’s just eczema, it’s normal for kids to have.” The doctors would prescribe some creams and ointments to relieve the itchiness and help dry it up, but it never got rid of it completely.

As a teenager it was rough. I wasn’t able to do other “normal” things, like wear shorts or sleeveless shirts or go swimming in the summer. I was so embarrassed of my eczema that I even made up stories to the friends I did have, telling them it was “bug bites” or that it was a rash from something I ate. Most of the time I would try to just change the subject whenever my peers or adults would ask me what it was -because I didn’t really know myself.

I remember hoping it was an “age factor” and that it would get better as I got older.  I had read testimonies of people who had horrible breakouts that miraculously disappeared once they hit their 20′s. Even my dad told me that he had really bad eczema when he was younger, and that it had gone away eventually. I desperately hoped this would apply to me! Unfortunately, the hope of it only being “teenage eczema” wasn’t the case, and my eczema followed me through my 20‘s and after.

An adult with a crisis

As an adult I became so frustrated at this never-ending problem that I considered just giving up trying to find solutions.  I had doctors tell me that since it seemed hereditary, there was a big possibility it would never go away. I was prescribed steroid creams, corticosteroid creams, antibiotics, and medicines that just didn’t work! I was spending lots of money and not seeing any of the results I wanted.

Eczema flare-up

Because I had to use the creams and medications regularly, I was at the point where if I DIDN’T use them my eczema would get out of control. (The picture is how my eczema looked when I was using creams) When I would have a flare up, I hid it the best I could. Out came the creams, topical ointments, gauze, tape, and band aids. I would apply and re-apply until it went away, then repeat the process when it came back.  At some point my eczema was returning as fast as it was clearing. It would flare, I would apply the cream for 2 or 3 weeks, and then it would go away-only to return 2 weeks later.

I was so frustrated and unhappy. Even having a physical relationship was uncomfortable, and some nights it was so bad I would cry out of frustration because I couldn’t sleep. When I was on vacation or traveling I couldn’t enjoy myself  because I always had this very literal itch.

Research

Just like many of you struggling with eczema, I spent a lot of time online. I would browse new medications and look on forums for people’s experiences with eczema, trying to find a new solution to an age old problem. It surprised me to see how many people were suffering from the same issue that I was, and getting near to no help from their doctors either.

It was one of these days that I stumbled across an article on gut health–related to adult skin problems. The article talked about how gut health could be critical in healing skin conditions like adult acne, psoriasis, and eczema. It talked about gut health as the key to revolutionizing the way dermatologists treat eczema.

Now from what I knew, eczema was an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, and so far the only reasonable way for me to treat it was to use medicines or creams to help my body fight against it. I would use antibiotics and medicines (to help my body’s immune system), anti-inflammatory creams (to lessen inflammation), and so on. I never considered that I could go natural and try to heal my body from the inside-out!

Consequences of an Unhealthy Gut

For years I had been addressing my eczema as just a surface problem, never realizing it went way beyond that.  As I did more research, I realized that in order to heal your skin you had to go a lot deeper than just lotions and topical creams.

As I mentioned before, the human gut is something so overlooked, but very important as it is responsible for so many different functions in our body.  It promotes normal gastrointestinal function, provides us protection from infections, regulates our metabolism and comprises more than 75 percent of our immune system. Most importantly, it’s home to over 100 trillion micro-organisms, (bacteria) both good and bad.  Research has shown that in order to maintain a healthy gut, there should be a ratio of around 80 percent good bacteria vs 20 percent bad bacteria.

This balance of bacteria in particular has a lot to do with skin and our overall health. Medical researchers and experts in mucosal biology have shown that that the gut was a key factor in autoimmune diseases, like coeliac, diabetes, obesity, and more. Their conclusion was that an unhealthy gut was the main cause for a wide range of autoimmune diseases, including eczema, psoriasis, and other chronic skin issues.

The gut-skin connection

I started to better understand that the link between the gut and overall health was in fact, very strong. In my case, the consequences of an unhealthy gut showed up through my skin. From research and studies, here’s what I discovered:

The gut is a big part of the digestive system.  What ever goes in, goes out – or at least this is how it’s supposed to work. Now remember how in order to maintain a happy healthy gut, there has to be IDEALLY a 80-20 balance of good to bad bacteria? Well, studies have shown that if you continually consume certain inflammatory foods or toxins, these types of foods can cause the bad bacteria to grow at a rapid pace, outgrowing the percentage of good bacteria.

This is a problem because when the balance is thrown out of proportion, the overgrowth of bad bacteria starts to create toxins that are damaging to our gut lining. These toxins then hit the walls of the gut lining, creating spaces and holes between the cells.

These holes are dangerous because they allow the gut’s bacteria (remember there’s a lot of bacteria in there!), toxins, as well as incompletely digested proteins and fats, to leak out of the gut and into the bloodstream.

This is what is commonly referred to as “Leaky Gut Syndrome” or increased intestinal permeability.  Instead of going straight OUT (like it should), it’s going back INTO your body (where it shouldn’t).

So how does eczema come into play?

Well, because the damaged gut is no longer up to the job of dispensing these bad bacterias and toxins, the body has to use another method of elimination–the skin.

The skin is the body’s largest elimination organ, so it’s not surprising why a myriad of skin diseases come into play during this clean-up process. Because of this bacterial breach into our bloodstream via our leaky gut, the body now has no other choice but to react by pushing the toxins out through our skin. Our body is simply trying to eliminate the bacterial problem the best way it can and rid us of the escaped toxins in our blood.

Unfortunately for us, it essentially puts our skin under assault, resulting in multiple breakouts in skin rashes, acne, eczema, pimples, acne and psoriasis. Along with these effects, you may also experience gas, bloating, fatigue, sinus congestion, and foggy thinking.

How to heal your gut and help clear your eczema

Now that I understood how the gut-skin connection worked, I wanted to do something about it. Looking into my diet was important in helping me clear my skin.  I realized that using creams and taking medicines to heal my eczema wasn’t the way to heal my body–I needed to focus on gut health in order to heal my eczema.

Here a few things I did to start healing my gut:

1) Get rid of inflammatory foods. When I first started to heal my gut, I stopped eating inflammatory foods like wheat(gluten), dairy, soy, and high amounts of sugar. Many people think that just because they aren’t allergic to these types of foods that it means they can eat them all they like. The fact is, however, that these kinds of inflammatory foods can create problems in your gut that cause the bad bacteria to grow. Sugar, for example, actually feeds bad bacteria in your gut, causing them to grow at a really fast pace.

2) Increase the amounts of probiotics. Just getting rid of inflammatory foods isn’t enough for your gut to fully heal. If you’ve been on medications, and especially antibiotics, you’re going to need to grow good bacteria. The fastest way to grow good bacteria is to increase probiotic foods and even supplement if necessary. Foods that contain good probiotics are things like sauerkraut, kimchi (marinated cabbage), kombucha (fermented drink), and kefir.

3) Add Omega 3′s to your diet. Another thing that greatly helps build gut-lining are healthy fats that contain high amounts of Omega 3′s and essential fatty acids. Fish oil, extra virgin coconut oil, and avocado oil are all good sources of essential fatty acids that will help rebuild your leaky gut lining.

How I healed my eczema through healing my gut

Christina's skin before and after she changed her diet.

In my experience, I had never tried anything more revolutionary than using gut-health to clear eczema. As I learned more about the gut-skin connection and went off the creams and antibiotics that were inflaming my gut, I began to see my eczema heal.

After over 12 years of suffering from eczema, trying creams, medications, fad diets, artificial methods, and spending hundreds of dollars and having  none of them work, I was finally able to see new skin!  Through gut health I found the REAL, inexpensive, natural way to heal my skin, clear my eczema and keep it off permanently.

Ever since I healed my gut, my eczema hasn’t returned and I’m no longer hiding or covering my body.  Instead I feel healthier, more confident, and I’ve even gotten rid of some other issues that I thought would never go away–like my chronic canker sores and dandruff problem.

Doctors told me it was something I couldn’t get rid of, and that I would have eczema and be reliant on creams and medications for the rest of my life–but I’m proud to say I proved them wrong..and you can too!

Creams, steroids, and medications are not long-term solutions.  It all starts with the gut.

Bio:

Christina Reeves is the Author and Creator of The Flawless Program: a program focusing on gut health as a way to permanently clear skin issues.

Her website http://www.flawlessprogram.com, gives insightful information for anyone looking to heal their gut and fix their skin, naturally and forever!

 

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